Journal, Magazine and Newspaper Articles
Contents
Journal articles
"The central role of the journal article in scholarly communication is stronger than ever" (STM, 2018: 11). Include the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) if supplied. This is the equivalent of a barcode on a physical item providing a persistent link to a journal article. The DOI will always take you to the correct location of the work. Crossref’s DOI display guidelines give the format of the DOI as 'https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx', preferring the use of https and not using dx in the domain name. The authorship should include the surnames of all the authors of the journal article unless there are more than 10. If there are more than 10, use et al. after the tenth.
- Authorship
- (Year)
- Article title.
- Journal Title,
- Volume(Issue),
- pp. pages.
- DOI.
Examples:
Aubrey, C., Ghent, K. and Kanira, E. (2012) Enhancing thinking skills in early childhood. International Journal of Early Years Education, 20(4), pp. 332-348. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2012.743102.
Page, A. and McDonnell, A. (2013) Holding children and young people: defining skills for good practice. British Journal of Nursing, 22(20), pp. 1153-1158. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2013.22.20.1153.
Smith, I. L., Brown, S., Nixon, J., Cowdell, F. C., Ersser, S., Fernandez, C., Goodfield, M., Green, C. M., Hampton, P., Lear, J. T. et al. (2016) Treatment of severe, chronic hand eczema: results from a UK-wide survey. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 42(2), pp. 185-188. https://doi.org/10.1111/ced.13015.
Yardley, E., Wilson, D., Kemp, D. and Brookes, M. (2015) Narrative beyond prison gates: contradiction, complexity and reconciliation. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 59(2), pp. 159-179. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X13507042.
Many open access articles do not include page numbers as they are entirely online. Do not include pp. in your reference. However, these articles do include article numbers or article identifiers. Make sure you include these in your reference.
- Authorship
- (Year)
- Article title.
- Journal Title,
- Volume(Issue),
- Article identifier.
- DOI.
Examples:
Cadoni, S., Ishaq, S., Hassan, C., Bhandari, P., Neumann, H., Kuwai, T., Uedo, N., Parra-Blanco, A., Mulder, C.J.J., Binmoeller, K.F. et al. (2020) Covid-19 pandemic impact on colonoscopy service and suggestions for managing recovery. Endoscopy International Open, 08(07), E985-E989. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1196-1711.
Jahangiri, L. and Hurst, T. (2019) Assessing the concordance of genomic alterations between circulating-free DNA and tumour tissue in cancer patients. Cancers, 11(12), 1938. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11121938.
Nawaz, R., Sun, Q., Shardlow, M., Kontonatsios, G., Aljohani, N. R., Visvizi, A. and Hassan, S. (2022) Leveraging AI and machine learning for National Student Survey: actionable insights from textual feedback to enhance quality of teaching and learning in UK’s higher education. Applied Sciences, 12(1), 514. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010514.
Rosewilliam, S., Indramohan, V., Breakwell, R., Liew, B. X. W. and Skelton, J. (2019) Patient-centred orientation of students from different healthcare disciplines, their understanding of the concept and factors influencing their development as patient-centred professionals: a mixed methods study. BMC Medical Education, 19, 347. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1787-4.
Wang, L., Zhao, D., Wang, M., Vreugdenhil, M., Lin, J. and Lu, C. (2020) Modulation of hippocampal gamma oscillations by dopamine in heterozygous Reeler mice in vitro. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 11 February 2020, Article 586. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00586.
Some peer-reviewed academic journals are only available as online journals, have no print equivalent and no DOI. The online versions usually show you how to cite the articles. They usually do not have page numbers. The articles vary in the issue numbers that they have – some have issue numbers; some only have article numbers.
- Authorship
- (Year)
- Article title.
- Journal Title,
- Volume(Issue).
- Available at: URL
- [Accessed date].
Example:
Churnside, C. (2017) “Guerra, guerra, all’armi o guerrieri!”: depictions of the Ottoman conflict in Bolognese cantatas. Journal of Seventeenth-Century Music, 20(1). Available at: https://sscm-jscm.org/jscm-issues/volume-20-no-1/guerra-guerra-allarmi-o-guerrieri-depictions-of-the-ottoman-conflict-in-bolognese-cantatas/ [Accessed 8 August 2017].
Davies, F. (2012) Fighting, beers and the queered: class, hyper-masculinity and reality TV. Flow TV, 15(12). Available at: http://flowtv.org/2012/05/fighting-beers-and-the-queere/ [Accessed 31 July 2015].
A review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Systematic reviews are recognised as a standard method of summarising health research. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews has been published since 1993 and is now one of the 10 most highly cited general medicine journals. The format that can be used is similar to the above.
- Authorship
- (Year)
- Article title.
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,
- Issue.
- DOI.
Examples:
Cowdell, F., Jadotte, Y.T., Ersser, S., Danby, S., Lawton, S., Roberts, A. and Dyson, J. (2020) Hygiene and emollient interventions for maintaining skin integrity in older people in hospital and residential care settings. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011377.pub2.
Wright, N., Akhtar, A., Tosh, G. E. and Clifton, A. V. (2016) HIV prevention advice for people with serious mental illness. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 9. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009639.pub3.
Forthcoming journal articles
You may have access to a document, usually an article that is published online before it is published in an issue of a journal, for which you may not be able to provide the full bibliographic details. In your reference list use the DOI for articles and include the words in press.
- Authorship
- (Year)
- Article title.
- Title,
- in press.
- DOI.
Example:
Reda, F., Kjartansson, H. and Jeffery, S. L. A. (2023) Use of fish skin graft in management of combat injuries following military drone assaults in field-like hospital conditions. Military Medicine, in press. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usad028.
In-text:
You may wish to cite letters to the editor which function as comment on previous articles and appear in certain journals. Simply add 'letter to the editor' after the title as in this example:
Chang, B. P., Carter, E., Ng, N., Flynn, C. and Tan, T. (2018) Association of clinician burnout and perceived clinician-patient communication: letter to the editor. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 36, pp. 156–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2017.07.031
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Magazine articles
Printed Magazines
- Authorship
- (Year)
- Article title.
- Magazine Title,
- Volume(Issue) / Day and Month,
- pp. pages.
The required elements you need are the same as for a journal article. However, you may not find a volume number or an issue number, the issue may refer to a weekly, monthly or seasonal issue or you may only have the date the article was published online.
Examples:
Blackburn, C. (2017) Developmental risk for children born prematurely. Early Years Educator, 18(12), pp. 32-34.
Moore, K. (2011) From technology towards ideas. ‘Scape. The International Magazine for Landscape Architecture and Urbanism, April, p. 7.
Simcock, P. and Manthorpe, J. (2018) Social Work and CJD: updating the guidelines. CJD Support Network Newsletter, 27, pp. 10-11.
Online Magazines
- Authorship
- (Year)
- Article title.
- Magazine Title,
- Volume(Issue) / Day and Month,
- pp. pages.
- Available at: URL
- [Date Accessed].
Example:
Baker, C. (2023) BackBone: interdisciplinary creative practice and body positive resilience. Backbone, 107, pp. 24-26. Available at: https://sauk.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Spring-23-web.pdf [Accessed 30 August 2023].
Bond, S. and Maguire, L. (2023) Journal clubs enable students to make direct links between research and current practice. Nursing Times, 15 March. Available at: https://www.nursingtimes.net/opinion/journal-clubs-enable-students-to-make-direct-links-between-research-and-current-practice-15-03-2023/#:~:text=of%20clinical%20practice.-,Journal%20clubs%20enable%20students%20to%20make%20direct%20links%20between%20research,greater%20autonomy%20in%20their%20learning. [Accessed 30 August 2023].
You may find that you wish to cite articles in professional or trade magazines for which there is no obvious author. Academic practice has been to use the name of the publication rather than repeated use of Anon in your reference list.
Examples:
Architect and Building News (1942) Comment. Architect and Building News, 20 February, p. 140.
Architect and Building News (1943) News item on additional Manchester Corporation employees. Architect and Building News, 3 September, p. 139.
The Builder (1944) News item on Maunder’s appointment to Portsmouth. The Builder, 167(5294), 21 July, p. 42.
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Newspaper articles
Printed Newspapers
"Although there has been a long-term decline in the use of print newspapers, with overall reach of news brands being supplemented by their digital platforms" (OfCom, 2023: 2), you may still need to cite the printed newspaper for contemporary accounts of events. Your source may be online, in sources such as Nexis, 19th Century British Library newspapers or UKPressOnline but you only need to include the day, month and page(s) to identify the article in your reference:
- Authorship
- (Year)
- Article title.
- Newspaper Title,
- Day and Month,
- pp. pages.
Example:
Knight, P. (1998) When a book is worth a sentence. Times Higher Education Supplement, 27 March, p. 20.
O’Leary, J. (1998) Police want to destroy ‘obscene’ university book. The Times, 3 March, pp. 1-2.
Where the page numbers of a section or supplement are the same as the main body of the newspaper, the section or supplement of the newspaper is included as a sub-title.
Example:
Dingle, C. (2008) Sin isn’t interesting. I prefer flowers. The Guardian: Film & music, 29 August, p. 15.
For reviews of plays or musical performances, include the reviewer’s name, the director’s details and the location of the production.
Example:
Laws, R. (2016) Those star-cross'd lovers are looking rather peaky!; students give bard's play a brummie makeover. Review of Macbeth - Kill Bill Shakespeare, an adaptation of Macbeth by Malachi Bogdanov. Crescent Theatre, Birmingham. Birmingham Evening Mail, 20 February, p. 6.
If there is no author, use the publication name in-text and in the reference list (newspaper titles are always in italics).
Example:
Northampton Evening Telegraph (2013) Young designer’s Les Miserables outfits go on show, 15 August, p. 35.
Online Newspapers
- Authorship
- (Year)
- Article title.
- News Source Title.
- Day and Month.
- Available at: URL
- [Accessed date].
Examples:
Andrews, K. (2020) Roy Hackett: the civil rights hero who stood in front of a bus – and changed Britain for ever. The Guardian, 6 August. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/aug/06/roy-hackett-the-civil-rights-hero-who-stood-in-front-of-a-bus-and-changed-britain-for-ever [Accessed 27 August 2020].
Hamourtziadou, L. (2022) Ukraine war: how Russian denial of civilian casualties follows tactics used in Syria. The Conversation, 21 March. Available at: https://theconversation.com/ukraine-war-how-russian-denial-of-civilian-casualties-follows-tactics-used-in-syria-179583 [Accessed 12 September 2022].
Where no author is given, use the title of the newspaper in the text of your work.
The Telegraph (2012) Telegraph Media Group: frequently asked questions, syndication services, 14 January. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/topics/syndication-services/4272574/Telegraph-Media-Group-Frequently-Asked-Questions.html [Accessed 31 July 2015].